Đọc hiểu The difference between the nuclear family

Bài đọc hiểu The difference between the nuclear family

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The difference between the nuclear⁽¹⁾ family and the extended⁽²⁾ family is that a nuclear family refers⁽³⁾ to a single basic family unit of parents and their children, whereas⁽⁴⁾ the extended family refers to their relatives such as grandparents, in-laws, aunts and uncles, etc. In many cultures, and particularly indigenous⁽⁵⁾ societies, the latter is the most common basic form of social organization.

A nuclear family is limited, according to Kristy Jackson of Colorado State University, to one or two parents (e.g. a father and mother) and their own child, or children, living together in a single house or other dwellings⁽⁶⁾. In anthropology⁽⁷⁾, they only must be related in this fashion; there is no upper or lower limit on the number of children in a nuclear family.

The extended family is a much more nebulous⁽⁸⁾ term, but in essence refers to kin or relations not covered by the above definition. In historical Europe and Asia as well as in Middle Eastern, African, and South American Aboriginal cultures, extended family groups were typically the most basic unit of social organization, The term can differ in specific cultural settings, but generally includes people related in age or by lineage⁽⁹⁾.

Anthropologically⁽¹⁰⁾, the term “extended family” refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal⁽¹¹⁾ societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure. However, in common parlance, the term “extended family” is often used by people simply to refer to their cousins, aunts, uncles, and so on, even though they are not living together in a single group.

Vocabulary

(1) nuclear: hạt nhân

(2) extended: mở rộng

(3) refers: đề cập đến

(4) whereas: nhưng trái lại

(5) indigenous: bản địa

(6) dwellings: nhà ở

(7) anthropology: nhân học

(8) nebulous: âm u

(9) lineage: dòng dõi

(10) Anthropologically: Về mặt nhân chủng học

(11) patriarchal: gia trưởng

Câu hỏi và đáp án đọc hiểu The difference between the nuclear family

Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?

A. The dominance of nuclear families over extended ones

B. The dominance of extended families over nuclear ones

C. A distinction between nuclear families and extended ones

D. The changes of family types over times

Đáp án: C. A distinction between nuclear families and extended ones

Giải thích: Ý chính của bài là sự khác biệt giữa gia đình hạt nhân và gia đình mở rộng.

Question 2: The word “the latter” in paragraph 1 refers to_____ .

A. family unit      

B. relatives    

C. the nuclear family      

D. the extended family

Đáp án: D. the extended family

Giải thích: The difference between the nuclear family and the extended family is that a nuclear family refers to a sinale basic familv unit of parents and their children, whereas the extended familv refers to their relatives such as arandparents. in-laws, aunts and uncles

Question 3: The word “nebulous” in passage 3 is closest in meaning to___________ .

A. ambiguous     

B. featured       

C. difficult      

D. incomprehensive

Đáp án: A. ambiguous     

Giải thích: nebulous = ambiguous (mơ hồ, không rõ ràng)

Question 4: Historically, extended families were the most basic unit of social organization in all of the following places EXCEPT_____ .

A. The Middle East      

B. Asia      

C. North America     

D. Europe

Đáp án: C. North America     

Giải thích: In historical Europe and Asia as well as in Middle Eastern, African, and South American Aboriginal cultures, extended family groups were typically the most basic unit of social organization.

Question 5: The word “patriarchal” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___ .

A. ruled or controlledby men      

B. equal for both men and women

C. simple with no rules and laws      

D. modern with advanced facilities

Đáp án: A. ruled or controlledby men

Giải thích: patriarchal: cai trị hoặc kiểm soát bởi nam giới 

Question 6: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Since the 20th century, more and more American couples have lived in extended families because of the financial burdens.

B. Nuclear families are the most basic form of social organization all over the world.

C. The popularity of nuclear families in western countries helps to stabilize family arrangement

D. Traditional nuclear families have changed a lot over times.

Đáp án: D. Traditional nuclear families have changed a lot over times.

Giải thích: The rapid growth in single-parent households, for instance, also represents a
substantial change in the traditional nuclear family.

Question 7: What can be inferred from the reading passage?

A. Indigenous communities have been completely eradicated all over the world.

B. In the future, all extended families will be replaced by nuclear ones.

C. Anthropology is a science concerning human race and its development.

D. Couples with no children can’t be defined as families.

Đáp án: C. Anthropology is a science concerning human race and its development.

Giải thích: Anthropologically, the term “extended family” refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure.