Bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ nâng cao

I. Lý thuyết

1. Mệnh đề quan hệ (RELATIVE CLAUSES)

Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề phụ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, whose, which, that) hay các trạng từ quan hệ như (where, when, why). Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay đằng sau danh từ. Chức năng của nó giống như một tính từ do vậy nó còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ.

Eg: The man who lives next door is very friendly.

Danh từ đứng trước (Antecedent)	Chủ ngữ (Subject)	Tân ngữ (Object)	Sở hữu cách (Possesive Case)
Người (person)	Who/That	Whom/That	Whose
Vật (Thing)	Which/That	Which/That	Of which/ whose

 Relative Clauses:

Rel. Cl. Ant.	Relative clause
	Relative pronoun / adverb	The other parts
Things	+       which / that	+     V ( + O) +      S + V
People	+         who / that +         whom /that	+      V( + O) +       S + V
People/ things	+        whose	V ( + O) + n +                             S + V
Place Time Reason	+         where +         when +         why	+   S   +  V  (+ O)

2. Mệnh đề quan hệ nâng cao

a. Dùng lượng từ trước liên từ

I have many friends. Two of them are from Macau.

-->I have many friends two of whom are from Macau.

I have three cars. None of them are cheap.

-->I have three cars none of which are cheap.

Kết luận: Khi liên từ chỉ nhiều người vật cùng dạng có thể thêm các lượng từ và giới từ of: two of whom, none of which, 

Không dùng: two of who, none of that.

b. Mệnh đề quan hệ với danh từ xác định 

Vd:
Christiano Ronaldo ,  who is a famous soccer player  ,  is also very rich.

-->Christiano Ronaldo ,   a famous soccer player   ,  is also very rich.

Kết luận: Với trường hợp danh từ được bổ nghĩa là xác định ( thường là tên riêng, hoặc người vật cụ thể)

+ Phải dùng dấu ,  để tách mệnh đề adj .

+ Không sử dụng liên từ THAT

+ Không ẩn các liên từ đóng vai trò là O

c. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề tính ngữ sẽ có 3 cách rút gọn sau đây :

Dạng 1: chủ động -Ving

The man who wrote the letter is Mr. Mike.

-->The man writing the letter is Mr. Mike.

Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?

-->Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?

Dạng 2: bị động -Vpp

The man who was arrested by the police is Mr. Mike.

-->The man arrested by the police is Mr. Mike.

Do you know the boy who was punished by headmaster yesterday?

-->Do you know the boy punished by headmaster yesterday?

Dạng 3:  nguyên thể -to Verb (  khi có the first, only,last…)

He is the only one who knows the answer.

-->He is the only one to know the answer.

He is the last person who left the ship.

-->He is the last person to leave the ship.

Kết luận:Trong câu xuất hiện the first, only, last, best ...hoặc một dạng so sánh nhất thì Verb trong Adj Cls sẽ được rút gọn thành to Verb

d. “Which” thay cho các mệnh đề đứng trước:

Anna was seriously ill , which shocked me.

= Anna was seriously ill. That shocked me

The telephone is broken down , which is really bad.

=The telephone is broken down.That is really bad.

Kết luận:

Trong cả hai ví dụ bên trên thì liên từ which được dùng để thay thế cho toàn bộ mệnh đề phía trước khi đó which dịch là “điều này” và luôn chia số ít và có dấu phẩy đứng trước.

II. Bài tập

Bài 1: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai.

1. The film who I watched yesterday was interesting.

2. I like that dress whom is really beautiful.

3. The only house to be paint last week was Oanh’s.

4. Do you get on with the person which lives behind?

5. A dictionary is a book whom gives her the meaning of words.

Bài 2: Nối 2 câu sau thành 1 câu liền mạch (rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)

1.Linh is the girl. She phoned the police yesterday.

➔ _________________________________________.

1. Those are the books. Victor has just bought them from the bookstore.

➔ _________________________________________.

1. The woman who is standing there is my aunt.

➔ _________________________________________.

1. The last student that was interviewed was Kim.

➔ _________________________________________.

1. I buy a cap which is beautiful and fashionable.

➔ _________________________________________.

1. Sapa, which is best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather.

➔ _________________________________________.

1. They had a pool in which we could swim .

➔ _________________________________________

Bài 3. Điền một mệnh đề quan hệ WHO, WHICH hoặc WHOSE vào chỗ trống trong những câu sau

He arrived with a friend ______ waited outside in the car.The man ______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.The car ______ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.The woman ______ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.The postman ______ works in the village is very old.The family ______ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.The cowboy ______ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.A bus is a big car ______ carries lots of people.The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.Children ______ like music are often good at mathematics.The engineers ______ designed the building received an award.The girl ______ recited the poem is my niece.The townspeople, ______ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to build a new town hall.The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world’s largest ocean.The newspaper to ______ we subscribe is delivered regularly.

Bài 4. Điền một mệnh đề quan hệ WHO, WHICH hoặc THAT vào chỗ trống trong những câu sau

The men _______ lives next door are English. The dictionary ______ you gave me is very good. Do you know the girls ______ are standing outside the church? The police are looking for the thieve ______ got into my house last night. The chocolate ______ you like comes from the United States. I have lost the necklace ______ my mother gave me on my birthday. A burglar is someone ______ breaks into a house and steals things. Buses ______ go to the airport run every half hour. I can’t find the key ______ opens this door. I gave you a book ______ had many pictures. I don’t like the boy ______ Sue is going out with. Did you see the beautiful dress ______ she wore yesterday. The man ______ she is going to marry is very rich. This is the bank ______ was robbed yesterday. He wore a mask ______ made him look like Mickey Mouse.

Bài 5. Nối 2 câu đơn thành một câu ghép sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ

They called a doctor. He lived nearby. I wrote an email to my sister. She lives in Italy. Linh liked the waiter. He was very friendly. We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle. Ba dropped a cup. It was new. Nam loves books. They have happy endings. I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam. The man is in the class. He is wearing a blue hat. The woman works in a hospital. She is from India.My sister has four sons. She lives in Japan. The man was rude. He was wearing a red shirt.The phone is on the table. It belongs to An. The TV got broken. It was my grandfather’s.The radio was stolen. It was bought 35 years ago.The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.This is the laptop. My mother has just bought it.That’s the man. His car is a Ferrari.I know the woman. She lives upstairs.It’s the dog. I always talk to him at night.

Bài 6. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi

The man is her father. You met him last week.Zoe likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.Zoe has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.That is a company. It produces rings.The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.Zoe bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive messages.Jack is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.

Bài 7. Chọn đáp án đúng

1. Nam Dinh province, ___________ my uncle lives, often has hurricanes.

A.when

B.where

C.which

D.that

2. I think doctors ___________work in disaster areas are both unselfish and very brave.

A.who

B.which

C.they

D.those

3. 2005 was the year _________there was a big earthquake in Indonesia.

A.which

B.where

C.who

D.when

4. Mai is the girl___________mother is an architect.

A.who

B.whose

C.which

D.that

5. A snake or a spider is the animal_________she’d like to keep as a pet.

A.where

B.what

C.that

D.when

6. My older brother, ________was twenty-two last month, has gone to work in India.

A.who

B.that

C.he

D.which

7. India is the country __________he spent the early years of his life.

A.at which

B.on which

C.that

D.where

8. The girls and flowers __________ he painted were vivid.

A.who

B.that

C.whose

D.which

9. Children always want to know the reason __________things are as they are.

A.why

B.whom

C.which

D.who

10. Is the first of March the day__________the astronaut will come and give a speech at our school?

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.when

11. There was a storm _________I had never experienced before.

A.such as

B.as which

C.which

D.for which

12. There are several reasons_________Adam is not chosen for the school football team.

A.from then

B.why

C.for what

D.explaining

Bài 8. Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ sao cho nghĩa không đổi

1. I went to see a doctor. She had helped my father

I went to see the doctor ___________________

2. A woman wrote to me. She wanted my advice

The woman ______________________

3. Mary was wearing the red dress. It was made in France

Mary was wearing the red dress ______________

4. We stayed at Sofitel hotel. Mark recommended it to us

We stayed at Sofitel hotel ___________________

5. John is one of my closest friends. I have known him for three years

John is one of my closest friends ______________

6. New York is one of the largest cities in the USA. My sister is living there

New York is one of the largest cities in the USA___________

7. Ann talked to a man. He won a lot of money

Ann talked to the man___________

8. The couple has got a married again. Their divorce was in the newspapers

The couple ___________________

9. He is an architect. He designed the new city library

He is the architect _____________

10. Jerry sent me a letter. It was very funny.

Jerry sent me the letter __________

Bài 9. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất

1. Mr. Ken, ______ is living next door, is a dentist.

A. that B. who C. whom D. what

2. Her computer ______ was my friend’s got broke.

A. which B. whom C. who D. that

3. The man _______ she wanted to see her family.

A. which B. where C. whom D. who

4. Her grandmother, _______ is 70, often takes exercise.

A. what B. who C. where D. which

5. The woman _______ came here two days ago is her professor.

A. who B. that C. whom D. what

6. The really happy people are those ……enjoy their daily work.

A. what B. who C. whichD. where

7. Freedom is something for ________ millions have given their lives.

A. which B. where C. whom D. who

8. My girlfriend loves tokbokki, _________ is Korean food.

A. which B. where C. whom D. who

9. Blair has passed the exam last week, ________ is great news.

A. who B. that C. which D. whom

10. The book ________ is in the car is his brother’s.

A. who B. that C. which D. whom

Bài 10. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi

1. The man is her father. You met him last week.

➔ _______________________________________.

1. Carta has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.

➔ _______________________________________.

1. Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.

➔ _______________________________________.

1. Huyen likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.

➔ _______________________________________.

1. That is a company. It produces ring.

➔ _______________________________________.

1. The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.

➔ _______________________________________.

1. Linda bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive message.

➔ _______________________________________.

1. Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.

➔ _______________________________________.

1. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.

➔ _______________________________________.

1. Cuong is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.

➔ _______________________________________.