Bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp nâng cao

A. Lý thuyết cần nắm

I. KHÁI NIỆM

1. Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp.

+ Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech): là diễn đạt lại đúng chính xác điều ai đó đã nói (còn gọi là trích dẫn). Hình thức của câu lời nói trực tiếp sẽ được đặt trong dấu noặc kép.

  Ví dụ: She said ” He is so handsome”. Theo đó, câu "He is so handsome" là lời nói trực tiếp hay câu trực tiếp

+ Lời nói gián tiếp – câu tường thuật (indirect speech): Là tường thuật lại lời đã nói của một người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp, không dùng dấu ngoặc kép.

  Ví dụ: Lylys said, ”I want to go home” -> Lylys said she wanted to go home là câu gián tiếp (indirect speech)

Khi chúng ta sử dụng câu gián tiếp, chúng ta thường nói về quá khứ, vì vậy dạng từ của động từ trong câu cũng được chia ở quá khứ.

2. Các loại câu tường thuật phổ biến trong tiếng Anh

2.1. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể

S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V

+ says/say to + O -> tells/tell + O

+ said to + O ->told+O

Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work” -> He told me he hadn’t finished his work.

2.2. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi

a. Yes/No questions:

S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/wether+S+V

Ex: ”Are you angry?”he asked -> He asked if/whether I was angry.

b. Wh-questions:

S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V.

* says/say to + O -> asks/ask + O

* said to + O -> asked + O.

Ex: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher. -> The teacher asked us what we were talking about.

II. CÁCH CHUYỂN CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

   Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp khá đơn giản, chúng ta chỉ cần ghép nội dung tường thuật ở phía sau câu nói và hạ động từ của nó xuống một cấp quá khứ, đại từ được chuyển đổi cho phù hợp. Tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý một số vấn đề sau:

+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) chia ở các thì hiện tại chúng ta giữ nguyên thì (tense) của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp.
Ví dụ:
- He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.”

⇒ He says he is going to Ha Noi next week.

+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) sang lời nói gián tiếp (indirect / reported speech) theo quy tắc sau:

* Biến đổi thì của động từ và động từ khuyết thiếu theo bảng sau:

Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
Present simple	Past simple
Present continuous	Past continuous
Present perfect	Past perfect
Past simple	Past perfect
Present perfect continuous	Past perfect continuous
Past continuous	Past perfect continuous
will	would
can	could
must/ have to	had to
may	might

* Biến đổi đại từ và các từ hạn định theo bảng sau:

	Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
Chủ ngữ	I	he/ she
	You	I/ We/ They
	We	We/ They
Tân ngữ	me	him/ her
	you	me/ us/ them
	us	us/ them
Đại từ sở hữu	my	his/ her
	your	my/ our/ their
	our	our/ their
Đại từ sở hữu	mine	his/ hers
	yours	mine/ ours/ theirs
	ours	ours/ theirs
Đại từ chỉ định	this	the/ that
	these	the/ those

* Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo bảng sau:

Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
here	there
now	then/ at that moment
today/ tonight	that day/ that night
tomorrow	the next day
next week	the following week
yesterday	the previous day the day before
last week	the week before
ago	before

NOTE: Khi chuyển động từ các bạn chỉ cần nhớ lấy động từ gần chủ ngữ nhất giảm xuống 1 cột tức là:

+ Động từ ở cột 1 thì giảm xuống cột 2, ( nhớ thêm ed khi không phải là đông từ bất quy tắc)

+ Động từ cột 2 thì giảm thành cột 3

+ Động từ cột 3 thêm had phía trước

Tuy nhiên, cần chú ý một số trường hợp sau đây không giảm thì động từ:

+ Nói về chân lý, sự thật.

+ Thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

+ Trong câu có năm xác định.

Các câu có cấu trúc sau: if only, as if, as though, wish, would rather, it’s high time, IF loại 2, 3 .

B. Bài tập

I. Hoàn thành các câu trong bài câu tường thuật.

1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.

She asked............................................. ......................

2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.

Martin asked us................................................ ...................

3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"

He asked............................................. ......................

4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.

The mother asked her daughter.......................................... .........................

5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.

She asked her boyfriend......................................... ..........................

6. "What are they doing?" she asked.

She wanted to know.............................................. .....................

7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.

He wanted to know.............................................. .....................

8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"

The teacher wanted to know.............................................. .....................

9. "How do you know that?" she asked me.

She asked me................................................ ...................

10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.

My friend asked me................................................ ...................

Đáp án

1. She asked where her umbrella was.

2. Martin asked us how we were.

3. He asked if he had to do it.

4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been.

5. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best.

6. She wanted to know what they were doing.

7. He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema.

8. The teacher wanted to know who spoke English.

9. She asked me how I knew that.

10. My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin.

II. Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp.

1. “Open the door,” he said to them.

- He told them...................................................................

2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.

- He asked her where.........................................................

3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.

- He asked... ......................................................................

4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her.

- I told... ............................................................................

5. “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us.

- She told... ........................................................................

6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.

- I asked her... ....................................................................

7. “He’s not at home”, she said.

- She said that... .................................................................

8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.

- The girl wanted to know... ..............................................

9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said.

- Tom told Ann... ...............................................................

10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her.

- He asked... ........................................................................

11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.

- Thomas asked Jean.....

12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said.

- I told Mary.... ...................................................................

13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said.

She said that...

14. “I’ll pay him if I can” she said.

- She said that... ...................................................................

15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.

- She asked us.... ...................................................................

16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack.

- He told Jack that.... .............................................................

17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.

- Tom asked Jean.... ..............................................................

18. “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said.

- He said that.... ...................................................................

19. “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us.

- He told us.... ...................................................................

20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him.

- I asked him how long....

21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.

- She wanted to know.... ..................................................

22. “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us.

- She asked us.... ..............................................................

23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me.

- She invited me.... ............................................................

24. “Don’t do it again,” she said to them.

She told them..................................................................

25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.

- She asked.......................................................................

26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said.

- She told..........................................................................

27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.

- Mary asked.......................................................................

28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.

- Peter asked if .......................................................................

29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.

- The office manager wondered............................................................

30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John.

- John advised Elizabeth........................................................................

31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John.

- John accused.......................................................................................

32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary.

- Mary accused......................................................................................

33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.

- The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley...............................................................

34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said.

- The doctor advised................................................................................

35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself.

- Tim wondered.......................................................................................

36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan.

- Paul apologized.....................................................................................

37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.

- Martha asked Peter when.....................................................................

38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother.

- Anna asked............................................................................................

39.. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said.

- William’s mother told..........................................................................

40. “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers to her son.

- Mrs. Rogers told....... .............................................................................

41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George.

- George said............................................................................................

42. “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car.

- Martin apologized..................................................................................

43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.

- The landlady asked................................................................................

44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary.

- Mary asked............................................................................................

45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice.

- The notice said that..............................................................................

46. “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”

- I asked..................................................................................................

47. “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow”

- She reminded me ................................................................................

48. “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys.

- The teacher told the boys………………………………………..........

49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.

- The interviewer asked ...........................................................................

50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness.

- The officer wanted to know...................................................................

Đáp án

1. He told them to open the door.

2. He asked her where she was going.

3. He asked me which way they had gone.

4. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit.

5. She told us not to try to open it then.

6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.

7. She said that he was not at home.

8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.

9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.

10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.

11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.

12. I told Mary not to leave the window open.

13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.

14. She said that she would pay him if she could.

15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.

16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.

17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.

18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.

19. He told us not to keep the door locked.

20. I asked him how long he was going to stay.

21. She wanted to know whether I was going by train.

22. She asked us not to use too much hot water.

23. She invited me to come to her party.

24. She told them not to do it again.

25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes to me.

26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.

27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.

28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.

29. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before.

30. John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money.

31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette.

32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.

33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born.

34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take more exercise.

35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job.

36. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number.

37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.

38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle.

39. William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back.

40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite his nails.

41. George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times.

42. Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car.

43. The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch.

44. Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address.

45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.

46. I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was.

47. She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day.

48. The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall.

49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000.

50. The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident to the police.

III. Hoàn thành các câu trong bài câu tường thuật. Chú ý sự thay đổi của đại từ và các thì.

1. "What's the time?" he asked.

→ He wanted to know .................................................. .

2. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.

→ She asked me .................................................. .

3. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.

→ She asked him .................................................. .

4. "Where did they live?" he asked.

→ He wanted to know .................................................. .

5. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.

→ He asked her .................................................. .

6. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.

→ She asked me .................................................. .

7. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.

→ The teacher wanted to know .................................................. .

8. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him.

→ She wanted to know .................................................. .

9. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.

→ He asked me .................................................. .

10. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.

→ The mother asked the twins .................................................. .

Đáp án

1. He wanted to know what the time was.

2. She asked me when we would meet again.

3. She asked him if he was crazy.

4. He wanted to know where they had lived.

5. He asked her if she would be at the party.

6. She asked me if I could meet her at the station.

7. The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer.

8. She wanted to know why he didn't help her.

9. He asked me if I had seen that car.

10. The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room.

IV. Bài tập câu tường thuật requets (positive)

1. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.

→ The teacher told Joe .................................................. .

2. "Be patient," she said to him.

→ She told him .................................................. .

3. "Go to your room," her father said to her.

→ Her father told her .................................................. .

4. "Hurry up," she said to us.

→ She told us .................................................. .

5. "Give me the key," he told her.

→ He asked her .................................................. .

6. "Play it again, Sam," she said.

→ She asked Sam .................................................. .

7. "Sit down, Caron" he said.

→ He asked Caron .................................................. .

8. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said.

→ The receptionist asked the guest .................................................. .

9. "Take off your shoes," she told us.

→ She told us .................................................. .

10. "Mind your own business," she told him.

Đáp án

1. The teacher told Joe to stop talking.

2. She told him to be patient.

3. Her father told her to go to her room.

4. She told us to hurry up.

5. He asked her to give him the key.

6. She asked Sam to play it again.

7. He asked Caron to sit down.

8. The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form.

9. She told us to take off our shoes.

10. She told him to mind his own business.

V. Change to reported speech.

1. She said, "I can get home on my own".

She said that ___________________________________________ .

2. They said, "We haven't been to an art gallery for ages".

They said that ___________________________________________ .

3. The police asked me, "When did you leave the house this morning?"

The police asked me __________________________________________ .

4. He said, "I'll think about it."

He said that ___________________________________________ .

5. Mary said, "I should have phoned my mother".

Mary said that __________________________________ .

6. The doctor told me. "You should cut down on your smoking."

The doctor told me ______________________________________ .

7. He asked me, "Do you understand all the rules?"

He asked me ________________________________________ .

8. She asked me, "When will I see you again?"

She asked me ________________________________________ .

9. My parents said, "We are going on holiday tomorrow."

My parents said that _____________________________________ .

10.She said, "Wait until I get back!"

She told him ___________________________________________ .

11.My sister said, "I always eat lots of fresh fruit and salad."

She said that _________________________________________ .

12.The workers said, "We won't have enough time to finish the job."

The workers said that __________________________________ .

13.The passenger asked, "Could someone help me with the luggage?"

The passengers asked ________________________________ .

14.Mom said, "Don't worry!"

Mom told me _________________________________________ .

15.Jack said, "We must leave soon."

Jack said that _________________________________ .

16.She said, "It's been a long time since I had such a good meal."

She said that ______________________________________ .

17.They wanted to know, "What time does the party start ?"

They wanted to know ___________________________________ .

18.The guide said, "The weather may get much worse."

The guide said that ________________________________________

Đáp án

1 -  she could get home on her own

2 - they hadn't been to an art gallery for ages

3 - when I had left the house that morning

4 - he would think about it

5 -  she should have phoned her mother.

6 - to cut down on my smoking

7 -  if I understood all the rules.

8 -  when she would see me again

9 - they/we were going on holiday the following day

10 -  to wait until she got back

11 - she always ate lots of fresh fruit and salad.

12 -  they wouldn't have enough time to finish the job

13 - if someone could help him/her with the luggage

14 - me not to worry

15 - they had to leave soon

16 -  it had been a long time since she had had such a good meal

17 -  what time the party started

18 -  the weather might get much worse.