Galaxies are not evenly distributed throughout the universe

Đọc kỹ đoạn văn sau và chọn phương án đúng (A hoặc B, C, D) cho mỗi câu.

Galaxies are not evenly distributed throughout the universe. A few are found alone, but almost all are grouped in formations termed galactic clusters. These formations should not be confused with stellar clusters, globular clusters of stars that exist within a galaxy. The size of galactic clusters varies enormously, with some clusters containing only a dozen or so members and others containing as many as
10,000. Moreover, galactic clusters themselves are part of larger clusters of clusters, termed superclusters. It is surmised that even clusters of superclusters are possible. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of a galactic cluster called the Local Group, which has twenty members and is typical in terms of the types of galaxies it contains. There are three large spiral galaxies: Andromeda, the largest galaxy in the group; the Milky Way, the second-largest galaxy; and the Trianglum Spiral, the third largest. There are also four medium-sized spiral galaxies, including the Large Cloud of Magellan and the Small Cloud of Magellan. There are four regular elliptical galaxies; the remainders are dwarf ellipticals. Other than our own galaxy, only Andromeda and the Clouds of Magellan can be seen with the naked eye, and the Clouds are visible only from the Southern Hemisphere. In the vicinity of the Local Group are several clusters, each containing around twelve members. The nearest cluster rich in members is the Virgo Cluster, which contains thousands of galaxies of all types. Like most large clusters, it emits X-rays. The Local Group, the small neighboring clusters, and the Virgo Cluster form part of a much larger cluster of clusters – the Local Supercluster. The existence of galactic clusters presented a riddle to scientists for many years – the “missing mass” problem. Clusters are presumably held together by the gravity generated by their members. However, measurements showed that the galaxies did not have enough mass to explain their apparent stability. Why didn’t these clusters disintegrate? It is now thought that galaxies contain great amounts of “dark matter”, which cannot be directly observed but which generates gravitational pull. This matter includes gas, dust, burnt-out stars, and even black holes.

Câu 1: Which of the followings does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Clusters and superclusters of galaxies.

B. The incredible distance between galaxies.

C. An astronomical problem that has never been solved.

D. A recent development in astronomy.

Câu 2: The word ‘evenly’ is closest in meaning to _____.

A. paradoxically

B. predictably

C. relatively

D. uniformly

Câu 3: What conclusion can be made about galaxies that are NOT found in clusters?

A. They are outnumbered by galaxies that do occur in clusters.

B. They are not actually galaxies but parts of galaxies.

C. They are larger than other galaxies.

D. They have never been observed.

Câu 4: The word ‘globular’ is closest in meaning to _____.

A. brilliant

B. immense

C. spherical

D. dense

Câu 5: The author would probably characterize the existence of clusters of superclusters as _____.

A. theoretical

B. certain

C. impossible

D. surprising

Câu 6: According to the passage, in what way is the Local Group typical of galactic clusters?

A. In its size.

B. In its shape.

C. In the number of galaxies it contains.

D. In the types of galaxies that make it up

Câu 7: In the Local Group, which of the following types of galaxies are most numerous?

A. Large spirals.

B. Dwarf ellipticals.

C. Medium-sized spirals.

D. Regular ellipticals.

Câu 8: All of the following are visible from somewhere on Earth without a telescope EXCEPT _____.

A. the Triangulum Spiral

B. Andromeda

C. the Clouds of Magellan

D. the Milky Way

Câu 9: According to the passage, the Local Group and the Virgo Cluster have which of the following in common?

A. Both emit X-rays.

B. Both are small clusters.

C. Both are rich in galaxies.

D. Both are part of the

Câu 10: The word "riddle" closest meaning to____

A. clue

B. tool

C. theory

D. puzzle

Câu 11: Which of the following is NOT true about "dark matter"?

A. It may include black holes

B. It is found in the space between galaxies

C. It is impossible to observe directly

D. It helps explain the "missing mass" problem

Đáp án

Câu 1. A: Clusters and superclusters of galaxies.

Đoạn văn thảo luận về 

Câu 2. D: uniformly

evenly (như nhau) có nghĩa gần giống với uniformly (đồng đều, đồng nhất)

Câu 3. A: They are outnumbered by galaxies that do occur in clusters.

Câu 4. C: spherical

 Từ "globular" có nghĩa gần nhất với "spherical" (hình cầu)

Câu 5. A: theoretical

Câu 6. D: In the types of galaxies that make it up

Câu 7. B: Dwarf ellipticals.

Câu 8. A: the Triangulum Spiral

Câu 9. D: Both are part of the

Câu 10. D: puzzle

Câu 11. B: It is found in the space between galaxies