Vocabulary

Unit 2: Urbanisation- Sự đô thị hóa

Vocabulary

1. agricultural /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/(a): thuộc về nông nghiệp

connected with the science or practice of farming

2. centralise /ˈsentrəlaɪz/(v): tập trung

to give the control of a country or an organization to a group of people in one particular place

3. cost – effective /ˌkɒst ɪˈfektɪv/(a): hiệu quả, xứng đáng với chi phí

giving the best possible profit or benefits in comparison with the money that is spent

4. counter – urbanisation /ˌkaʊntə ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): phản đô thị hóa, dãn dân

counter urbanisation is when large numbers of people move from urban areas into surrounding countryside or rural areas

5. densely populated /ˈdensli ˈpɒpjuleɪtɪd/: dân cư đông đúc/ mật độ dân số cao

the number of people living in each unit of area is high (such as a square mile)

6. discrimination /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/(n): sự phân biệt đối xử

 the practice of treating somebody or a particular group in society less fairly than others

7. double /ˈdʌbl/(v): tăng gấp đôi

twice as much or as many as usual

8. downmarket /ˌdaʊnˈmɑːkɪt/(a): giá rẻ, bình dân

in a way that involves buying or selling goods or services that are cheap and of poor quality

9. down-to-earth /ˌdaʊn tu ˈɜːθ/(a): thực tế/ sát thực tế

sensible and practical, in a way that is helpful and friendly

10. energy-saving /ˈenədʒi ˈseɪvɪŋ/(a): tiết kiệm năng lượng

designed to make economical use of electricity, gas, or other forms of energy

11. expand /ɪkˈspænd/ (v): mở rộng

to become greater in size, number or importance; to make something greater in size, number or importance

12. industrialisation /ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): sự công nghiệp hóa

the process of developing industries in a country or an area

13. interest-free /ˌɪntrəst ˈfriː/ (a): không tính lãi/ không lãi suất

with no interest charged on money borrowed

14. kind-hearted /ˌkaɪnd ˈhɑːtɪd/ (a): tử tế, tốt bụng

kind and generous

15. long-lasting /ˌlɒŋ ˈlɑːstɪŋ/(a): kéo dài, diễn ra trong thời gian dài

that can or does last for a long time

16. migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/(v): di cư

 to move from one part of the world to another according to the season

17. mindset /ˈmaɪndset/ (n): định kiến

a set of attitudes or fixed ideas that somebody has and that are often difficult to change

18. overload /ˌəʊvəˈləʊd/ (v): làm cho quá tải

to put too great a load on something

19. sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/(n): vệ sinh

the equipment and systems that keep places clean, especially by removing human wast

20. self-motivated /ˌself ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ (a): tự tạo động lực cho bản thân

if a person is self-motivated, they are capable of hard work and effort without the need for encouragement

21. slum /slʌm/(n): nhà ổ chuột

an area of a city that is very poor and where the houses are dirty and in bad condition

22. switch off /swɪtʃ ɒf/ (v): ngừng, thôi không chú ý đến nữa

 to stop thinking about something or paying attention to something

23. time-consuming /ˈtaɪm kənsjuːmɪŋ/(a): tốn thời gian

taking or needing a lot of time

24. thought-provoking /ˈθɔːt prəvəʊkɪŋ/ (a): đáng để suy nghĩ

making people think seriously about a particular subject or issue

25. unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/(n): tình trạng thất nghiệp

the fact of a number of people not having a job; the number of people without a job

26. upmarket /ˌʌpˈmɑːkɪt/ (a): đắt tiền, xa xỉ

in a way that involves buying or selling goods and services that are expensive and of high quality

27. urbanisation /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): đô thị hóa

the process in which more and more people start to live and work in towns and cities rather than in the country

28. weather-beaten /ˈweðə biːtn/ (a): dãi dầu sương gió

rough and damaged because the person spends a lot of time outside

29. well-established /ˌwel ɪˈstæblɪʃt/ (a): được hình thành từ lâu, có tiếng tăm

having a respected position, because of being successful, etc. over a long period

30. worldwide /ˈwɜːldwaɪd/ (adv): trên phạm vi toàn cầu

to or in all parts of the world

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